NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Due to its often asymptomatic nature in early stages, NSCLC is frequently diagnosed at locally advanced (stage III) or metastatic (stage IV) stages, requiring a multidisciplinary and personalized treatment approach.​
In recent years, advances in immuno-oncology have significantly reshaped the treatment landscape of NSCLC, particularly through therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. These approaches have demonstrated meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes and have become a cornerstone of treatment in both unresectable stage III and metastatic stage IV disease.​
Early diagnosis, accurate staging, and biomarker-driven strategies are essential to optimize treatment selection and improve patient outcomes. The integration of innovative therapeutic approaches continues to transform the management of NSCLC, offering new opportunities to enhance survival and quality of life. 

Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in the female population, with over 2 million patients living with this disease in Europe. In its early stages, breast cancer may be asymptomatic or may not present with easily recognizable symptoms. The most common initial sign is the appearance of a palpable lump or nodule, which may feel firm and have irregular borders.​
The prognosis for breast cancer is significantly better when the disease is diagnosed early. Therefore, strategies for early detection are crucial. These include breast self-awareness, regular clinical breast examinations, and imaging tests such as mammography and ultrasound, which are vital for screening and diagnosis.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare and heterogeneous category of tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells, which are present throughout the body. Consequently, NETs can develop in various organs. Symptoms vary considerably depending on the tumor’s location, which often makes diagnosis complex and delayed.​
The prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors is estimated at approximately 35 per 100,000 people, reflecting their relatively long survival despite being rare cancers.​

Malignant lymphomas are the fifth most frequent type of tumor in the Western world. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that originate from the lymphoid system, specifically from B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes.​
The most common presenting sign is painless lymphadenopathy, defined as a significant enlargement of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, armpits (axillae), or groin. In addition to localized symptoms, which vary depending on the site of involvement, patients may also experience systemic symptoms known as "B symptoms“.